Flask SocketIO 实现动态绘图

Flask-SocketIO 是基于 Flask 的一个扩展,用于简化在 Flask 应用中集成 WebSocket 功能。WebSocket 是一种在客户端和服务器之间实现实时双向通信的协议,常用于实现实时性要求较高的应用,如聊天应用、实时通知等,使得开发者可以更轻松地构建实时性要求较高的应用。通过定义事件处理函数,可以实现双向实时通信,为应用提供更加丰富和实时的用户体验。

前端参数拼接

Flask 提供了针对WebSocket的支持插件flask_socketio直接通过pip命令安装即可导入使用,同时前端也需要引入SocketIO.js库文件。

如下代码通过ECharts图表库和WebSocket技术实现了一个实时监控主机CPU负载的动态折线图。通过WebSocket连接到Flask应用中的Socket.IO命名空间,前端通过实时接收后端传来的CPU负载数据,动态更新折线图,展示1分钟、5分钟和15分钟的CPU负载趋势。同时,通过控制台打印实时数据,实现了方便的调试和监控功能。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/socket.io/socket.io.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="Linechart" style="height:500px;width:1200px;border:1px solid #673ab7;padding:10px;"></div>

    <!-- 执行绘图函数-->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var display = function(time,x,y,z)
        {
            var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("Linechart"));
            var option = {
                title: {
                    left: 'left',
                    text: 'CPU 利用表动态监控',
                },
                // 调节大小
                grid: {
                    left: '3%',
                    right: '4%',
                    bottom: '3%',
                    containLabel: true
                },
                // tooltip 鼠标放上去之后会自动出现坐标
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis',
                    axisPointer: {
                        type: 'cross',
                        label: {
                            backgroundColor: '#6a7985'
                        }
                    }
                },
            legend: {
                data: ['1分钟负载', '5分钟负载', '15分钟负载']
            },

            xAxis: {
                type: 'category',
                // data: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
                data: time
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series:
            [
                {
                    name: "1分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2],
                    data: x,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "5分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54],
                    data: y,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "15分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7],
                    data: z,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                }
            ]
            };
            echo.setOption(option,true);
        }
    </script>

    <!-- 负责对参数的解析,填充数据 -->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var time =["","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""];
        var cpu_load1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
        var cpu_load5 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
        var cpu_load15 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];

        var update_function = function(recv)
        {
            time.push(recv.datetime);
            cpu_load1.push(parseFloat(recv.load1));
            cpu_load5.push(parseFloat(recv.load5));
            cpu_load15.push(parseFloat(recv.load15));

            if(time.length >=10)
            {
                time.shift();
                cpu_load1.shift();
                cpu_load5.shift();
                cpu_load15.shift();

                console.log("时间数组: " + time);
                console.log("1分钟: " + cpu_load1);
                console.log("5分钟: " + cpu_load5);
                console.log("15分钟: " + cpu_load15);

                // 调用绘图函数
                display(time,cpu_load1,cpu_load5,cpu_load15);
            }
        };
    </script>

    <!-- 负责接收目标主机的CPU负载情况 -->
   <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            namespace = '/Socket';
            var socket = io.connect("http://" + document.domain + ":" + location.port + namespace);
            socket.emit("message",{"data":"hello lyshark"});  // 初始化完成后,发送一条消息.
            socket.on('response', function(recv) {
                console.log("时间: " + recv.datetime);
                console.log("1分钟: " + recv.load1);
                console.log("5分钟: " + recv.load5);
                console.log("15分钟: " + recv.load15);

                // 调用函数完成数据填充
                update_function(recv);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

后台代码使用Flask和Flask-SocketIO搭建了一个实时监控主机CPU负载的WebSocket应用,并将数据通过socketio.emit函数将数据推送给前端展示。

关键点概括如下:

Flask和SocketIO集成:

  • 使用Flask框架创建了一个Web应用,并通过Flask-SocketIO集成了WebSocket功能,实现了实时双向通信。

消息接收与实时推送:

  • 定义了socket事件处理函数,用于接收前端通过WebSocket发送的消息。在无限循环中,通过socketio.sleep方法设置每2秒推送一次实时的CPU负载数据给前端。

前端连接和断开事件:

  • 定义了connectdisconnect事件处理函数,分别在WebSocket连接建立和断开时触发。在控制台打印相应信息,用于监控连接状态。

实时数据推送:

  • 使用socketio.emit方法实时将CPU负载数据推送给前端,以更新折线图。推送的数据包括当前时间、1分钟负载、5分钟负载和15分钟负载。

前端页面渲染:

  • 通过Flask的render_template方法渲染了一个HTML页面,用于展示实时更新的CPU负载折线图。

调试信息输出:

  • 在每个事件处理函数中使用print语句输出调试信息,方便监测WebSocket连接和消息的传递过程。

总体来说,该应用实现了一个简单而实用的实时监控系统,通过WebSocket技术实时推送主机CPU负载数据至前端,为用户提供了实时可视化的监控体验。

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from flask_socketio import SocketIO
import time,psutil

async_mode = None
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "lyshark"
socketio = SocketIO(app)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

# 出现消息后,率先执行此处
@socketio.on("message",namespace="/Socket")
def socket(message):
    print("接收到消息:",message['data'])

    while True:
        socketio.sleep(2)
        data = time.strftime("%M:%S",time.localtime())
        cpu = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None,percpu=True)

        socketio.emit("response",
                      {"datetime": data, "load1": cpu[0], "load5": cpu[1], "load15": cpu[2]},
                      namespace="/Socket")

# 当websocket连接成功时,自动触发connect默认方法
@socketio.on("connect",namespace="/Socket")
def connect():
    print("链接建立成功..")

# 当websocket连接失败时,自动触发disconnect默认方法
@socketio.on("disconnect",namespace="/Socket")
def disconnect():
    print("链接建立失败..")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    socketio.run(app,debug=True)

运行后,即可输出当前系统下CPU的负载情况,如下图所示;

后端参数拼接

如上所示的代码是在前端进行的数据拼接,如果我们想要在后端进行数据的拼接,则需要对代码进行一定的改进。

前端编写以下代码,通过WebSocket建立通信隧道,而后台则每隔2秒向前台推送传递字典数据。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/socket.io/socket.io.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="Linechart" style="height:500px;width:1200px;border:1px solid #673ab7;padding:10px;"></div>

    <!-- 执行绘图函数-->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var display = function(time,x,y,z)
        {
            var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("Linechart"));
            var option = {
                title: {
                    left: 'left',
                    text: 'CPU 利用表动态监控',
                },
                // 调节大小
                grid: {
                    left: '3%',
                    right: '4%',
                    bottom: '3%',
                    containLabel: true
                },
                // tooltip 鼠标放上去之后会自动出现坐标
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis',
                    axisPointer: {
                        type: 'cross',
                        label: {
                            backgroundColor: '#6a7985'
                        }
                    }
                },
            legend: {
                data: ['1分钟负载', '5分钟负载', '15分钟负载']
            },

            xAxis: {
                type: 'category',
                // data: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
                data: time
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series:
            [
                {
                    name: "1分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2],
                    data: x,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "5分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54],
                    data: y,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "15分钟负载",
                    stack: "总量",
                    //data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7],
                    data: z,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                }
            ]
            };
            echo.setOption(option,true);
        }
    </script>

    <!-- 负责接收目标主机的CPU负载情况 -->
   <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            namespace = '/Socket';
            var socket = io.connect("http://" + document.domain + ":" + location.port + namespace);
            socket.emit("message",{"data":"hello lyshark"});  // 初始化完成后,发送一条消息.
            socket.on('response', function(recv) {
                console.log("时间: " + recv.datetime);
                console.log("1分钟: " + recv.load1);
                console.log("5分钟: " + recv.load5);
                console.log("15分钟: " + recv.load15);

                // 调用绘图函数
                display(recv.datetime,recv.load1,recv.load5,recv.load15);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

后台代码则是收集数据,并将数据通过socketio.emit函数,推送给前端。

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from flask_socketio import SocketIO
import time,psutil

async_mode = None
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "lyshark"
socketio = SocketIO(app)

# 填充数据表
local_time = ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""]
cpu_load1 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
cpu_load5 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
cpu_load15 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

# 左移填充
def shift(Array, Size, Push):
    if len(Array) <= Size and len(Array) >= 0:
        Array.pop(0)
        Array.append(Push)
        return True
    return False

# 右移填充
def unshift(Array, Size, Push):
    if len(Array) <= Size and len(Array) >= 0:
        Array.pop(Size-1)
        Array.insert(0,Push)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

# 出现消息后,率先执行此处
@socketio.on("message",namespace="/Socket")
def socket(message):
    print("接收到消息:",message['data'])
    while True:
        socketio.sleep(1)
        data = time.strftime("%M:%S",time.localtime())
        cpu = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None,percpu=True)

        # 实现数组最大35,每次左移覆盖第一个
        shift(local_time,35,data)
        shift(cpu_load1,35,cpu[0])
        shift(cpu_load5, 35, cpu[1])
        shift(cpu_load15, 35, cpu[2])

        socketio.emit("response",
                      {"datetime": local_time, "load1": cpu_load1, "load5": cpu_load5, "load15": cpu_load15},
                      namespace="/Socket")

# 当websocket连接成功时,自动触发connect默认方法
@socketio.on("connect",namespace="/Socket")
def connect():
    print("链接建立成功..")

# 当websocket连接失败时,自动触发disconnect默认方法
@socketio.on("disconnect",namespace="/Socket")
def disconnect():
    print("链接建立失败..")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    socketio.run(app,debug=True)

运行动态图如下所示;

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